{"id":20855,"date":"2022-07-07T12:55:29","date_gmt":"2022-07-07T02:55:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/professionalpestmanager.com\/?page_id=20855"},"modified":"2025-05-20T18:34:59","modified_gmt":"2025-05-20T08:34:59","slug":"house-sparrow","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/professionalpestmanager.com\/nz\/birds\/house-sparrow\/","title":{"rendered":"House sparrow (<i>Passer domesticus<\/i>)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"20855\" class=\"elementor elementor-20855\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7b082240 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"7b082240\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-72af4ba6\" data-id=\"72af4ba6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77f17db2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"77f17db2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">House sparrow (<i>Passer domesticus<\/i>)<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-504ff8c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"504ff8c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-513afc8\" data-id=\"513afc8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15d91bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"15d91bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><nav  aria-label=\"breadcrumb\"><ol class=\"breadcrumb\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BreadcrumbList\"><li class=\"breadcrumb-item active\" aria-current=\"page\" itemprop=\"itemListElement\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ListItem\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Home<\/span><meta itemprop=\"position\" content=\"1\"><\/li><\/ol><\/nav><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-294c296a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"294c296a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7508a925\" data-id=\"7508a925\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e72ab1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3e72ab1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"626\" src=\"https:\/\/professionalpestmanager.com\/nz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sparrow-banner-1024x626.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20811\" alt=\"Male and female house sparrow\" srcset=\"https:\/\/professionalpestmanager.com\/nz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sparrow-banner-1024x626.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/professionalpestmanager.com\/nz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sparrow-banner-300x183.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/professionalpestmanager.com\/nz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sparrow-banner-768x469.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/professionalpestmanager.com\/nz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sparrow-banner-310x190.jpeg 310w, https:\/\/professionalpestmanager.com\/nz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sparrow-banner-150x92.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/professionalpestmanager.com\/nz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sparrow-banner.jpeg 1185w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4adcf14 closed-accordion elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"4adcf14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"elementor-tab-title-7841\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-7841\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Invasive \/ native: <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-7841\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-7841\"><p>The house sparrow is an invasive bird in New Zealand.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"elementor-tab-title-7842\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-7842\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Distribution:<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-7842\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-7842\"><p>Found worldwide, adapts well to most climatic conditions. They were introduced to New Zealand in the 1860s and are now found through the country.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"elementor-tab-title-7843\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-7843\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">House sparrow identification:<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-7843\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-7843\"><p>A brown \/ grey bird with strong sexual dimorphism. The female is generally light brown \/ grey, with some darker brown and white feathers in the wing. The male has a grey underneath with a black neck and &#8216;bib&#8217; on the upper chest. The head is dark grey on the crown with chestnut brown feathers either side which extend onto the wings.<\/p><ul><li>Length: Up to 18 cm long<\/li><li>Wingspan: Up to 25 cm<\/li><li>Weight: up to 40g<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"elementor-tab-title-7844\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-7844\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">House sparrow Pest Status:<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-7844\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-7844\"><p>In rural areas they can form flocks of several thousands and cause damage to fruit, vegetable, grain and oilseed crops. They can also get into stored grain and animal feed silos.<\/p><p>In urban areas, they are mainly a nuisance through their nesting habits in homes and commercial buildings. Nests in roof voids may give rise to issues with bird mites entering the building and sometimes the nests end up blocking gutters and stormwater pipes.<\/p><p>However, the house sparrow has become less of a pest over recent years, something which appears to be a global issue rather than an issue specific to Australia. Learn about the possible reasons\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/professionalpestmanager.com\/nz\/pest-control-birds\/house-sparrows-a-disappearing-problem\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-wplink-edit=\"true\">why sparrow numbers are on the decline<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"elementor-tab-title-7845\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-7845\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Typical nest location:<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-7845\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-7845\"><p>Sparrows typically nest in hollows or thick vegetation, making a nest of grass, wool and feathers. As such roof voids in building make an ideal substitute nesting location.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"elementor-tab-title-7846\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-7846\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Nesting season:<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-7846\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-7846\"><p>Sparrows will breed at any time of the year, although peak breeding times are spring and summer<\/p><p>Typically sparrows will raise up to 3 broods per year, with each clutch will contain 3-6 eggs.<\/p><p>House sparrows are monogamous and will typically form pairs for life.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"elementor-tab-title-7847\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-7847\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Food preferences:<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-7847\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-7847\"><p>Sparrows will preferentially eat seeds, grains and weeds. However, they are generalist feeders and will feed on insects and a wide range of garbage in urban areas.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"elementor-tab-title-7848\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-7848\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Distinguishing features \/ behaviours:<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-7848\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-7848\"><p>Sparrows are gregarious birds and will often form flocks with other bird species.<\/p><p>They hop rather than walk when on the ground.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"elementor-tab-title-7849\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"9\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-7849\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Prevention tips:<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-7849\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"9\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-7849\"><p>Preventing access to seed, grain and animal feed will make any location less attractive to sparrows.<\/p><p>Exclusion from areas by the installation of suitable bird products by a professional pest manager.<\/p><p>Bird nests in roof voids should be remove wearing protective clothing and entry points blocked.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dde3261 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dde3261\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Other species of <a href=\"https:\/\/professionalpestmanager.com\/nz\/birds\/\">bird pests<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6a2b66b\" data-id=\"6a2b66b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-619fd8e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"619fd8e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/professionalpestmanager.com\/nz\/pest-professional-centre\/subscribe\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"425\" src=\"https:\/\/professionalpestmanager.com\/nz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/PPM-Website-large-sidebar-ad.gif\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-11198\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4d8c592 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4d8c592\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7e48509\" data-id=\"7e48509\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c824161 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c824161\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Management Notes:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e7a8bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7e7a8bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><div class=\"mepr_error\"><p>You are unauthorized to view this page.<\/p>\n<\/div><div>\n<div class=\"mp_wrapper mp_login_form\">\n                  <!-- mp-login-form-start -->     <form name=\"mepr_loginform\" id=\"mepr_loginform\" class=\"mepr-form\" action=\"https:\/\/professionalpestmanager.com\/nz\/login\/\" method=\"post\">\n            <div class=\"mp-form-row mepr_username\">\n        <div class=\"mp-form-label\">\n                              <label for=\"user_login\">Username or E-mail<\/label>\n        <\/div>\n        <input type=\"text\" name=\"log\" id=\"user_login\" value=\"\" \/>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"mp-form-row mepr_password\">\n        <div class=\"mp-form-label\">\n          <label for=\"user_pass\">Password<\/label>\n          <div class=\"mp-hide-pw\">\n            <input type=\"password\" name=\"pwd\" id=\"user_pass\" value=\"\" \/>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"button mp-hide-pw hide-if-no-js\" data-toggle=\"0\" aria-label=\"Show password\">\n              <span class=\"dashicons dashicons-visibility\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      \n<div class=\"mp-form-row mepr_math_captcha\">\n    <div class=\"mp-form-label\">\n        <label for=\"mepr_math_quiz\">\n            <span id=\"mepr_math_captcha-69e69b509b840\"><\/span>*\n        <\/label>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <input type=\"text\" name=\"mepr_math_quiz\" id=\"mepr_math_quiz\" value=\"\" class=\"mepr-form-input\" \/>\n    <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"mepr_math_data\" value=\"AlXvyO3JKaORt+61YYdRHDaedhI\/MIY5tpxLxr8Ps3U=\" \/>\n\n    <script>\n    function mepr_base64_decode(encodedData) {\n        var decodeUTF8string = function(str) {\n            \/\/ Going backwards: from bytestream, to percent-encoding, to original string.\n            return decodeURIComponent(str.split('').map(\n                function(c) {\n                    return '%' + ('00' + c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-2)\n                })\n                .join('')\n            )\n        }\n\n        if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {\n            if (typeof window.atob !== 'undefined') {\n                return decodeUTF8string(window.atob(encodedData))\n            }\n        } else {\n            return new Buffer(encodedData, 'base64').toString('utf-8')\n        }\n\n        var b64 = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+\/='\n        var o1\n        var o2\n        var o3\n        var h1\n        var h2\n        var h3\n        var h4\n        var bits\n        var i = 0\n        var ac = 0\n        var dec = ''\n        var tmpArr = []\n\n        if (!encodedData) {\n            return encodedData\n        }\n\n        encodedData += ''\n        do {\n            \/\/ unpack four hexets into three octets using index points in b64\n            h1 = b64.indexOf(encodedData.charAt(i++))\n            h2 = b64.indexOf(encodedData.charAt(i++))\n            h3 = b64.indexOf(encodedData.charAt(i++))\n            h4 = b64.indexOf(encodedData.charAt(i++))\n            bits = h1 << 18 | h2 << 12 | h3 << 6 | h4\n            o1 = bits >> 16 & 0xff\n            o2 = bits >> 8 & 0xff\n            o3 = bits & 0xff\n\n            if (h3 === 64) {\n                tmpArr[ac++] = String.fromCharCode(o1)\n            } else if (h4 === 64) {\n                tmpArr[ac++] = String.fromCharCode(o1, o2)\n            } else {\n                tmpArr[ac++] = String.fromCharCode(o1, o2, o3)\n            }\n        } while (i < encodedData.length)\n\n        dec = tmpArr.join('')\n        return decodeUTF8string(dec.replace(\/\\0+$\/, ''))\n    }\n\n    jQuery(document).ready(function() {\n        var el = document.getElementById(\"mepr_math_captcha-69e69b509b840\")\n        el.innerHTML = mepr_base64_decode(\"MTUgKyA1IGVxdWFscz8=\");\n    });\n    <\/script>\n<\/div>\n      <div>\n        <label><input name=\"rememberme\" type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rememberme\" value=\"forever\" \/> Remember Me<\/label>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"mp-spacer\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n      <div class=\"submit\">\n        <input type=\"submit\" name=\"wp-submit\" id=\"wp-submit\" class=\"button-primary mepr-share-button \" value=\"Log In\" \/>\n        <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"redirect_to\" value=\"\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20855\" \/>\n        <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"mepr_process_login_form\" value=\"true\" \/>\n        <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"mepr_is_login_page\" value=\"false\" \/>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/form>\n    <div class=\"mp-spacer\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mepr-login-actions\">\n        <a\n          href=\"https:\/\/professionalpestmanager.com\/nz\/login\/?action=forgot_password\"\n          title=\"Click here to reset your password\"\n        >\n          Forgot Password        <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n\n      \n    <!-- mp-login-form-end --> \n  <\/div>\n<\/div><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0cfedc elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b0cfedc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Invasive \/ native: The house sparrow is an invasive bird in New Zealand. Distribution: Found worldwide, adapts well to most climatic conditions. They were introduced to New Zealand in the 1860s and are now found through the country. House sparrow identification: A brown \/ grey bird with strong sexual dimorphism. The female is generally light brown \/ grey, with some darker brown and white feathers in the wing. The male has a grey underneath with a black neck and &#8216;bib&#8217; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":20783,"parent":20765,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"House sparrow (Passer domesticus) in New Zealand","_seopress_titles_desc":"Learn about the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) one of the main bird pests in New Zealand and indeed globally.","_seopress_robots_index":"","_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20855","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","wpbf-post"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/professionalpestmanager.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20855","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/professionalpestmanager.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/professionalpestmanager.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/professionalpestmanager.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/professionalpestmanager.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20855"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/professionalpestmanager.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20855\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39986,"href":"https:\/\/professionalpestmanager.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20855\/revisions\/39986"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/professionalpestmanager.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20765"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/professionalpestmanager.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20783"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/professionalpestmanager.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/professionalpestmanager.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}